Can the carbonate hardness be higher than the total hardness?
Hello, the reason for this difference is as follows:From a "chemica"' viewpoint, the total hardness ist the total amount of bivalent metal ions. In practical aquarium terms, this can...
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Can you use magnets for attaching things in an aquarium?
Hello, this is only possible if the magnet itself is entirely enclosed in a waterproof shell (plastic), otherwise there will be considerable corrosion (rusting magnet) and possibly...
Completely new setup after algae trouble? / Snails in the aquarium
Hello, I do not recommend a completely new setup - this would only destroy useful biological systems that build up slowly. It takes about 1 - 2 years until an aquarium is really...
Conditioning during water changes / Which values should be checked, and when?
Hello, Concerning "water conditioning":sera aquatan (binds copper and protects the fish against chlorine, among others) is indeed advisable with every water change. Dosage as per the...
Conditioning saltwater for shrimps
Hello, I will categorize this a bit: Technical equipmentA protein skimmer is in any case advisable in saltwater. A motor operated internal filter is sufficient for agitating the...
Conductivity of R/O water
Hello, 60 µS/cm are indeed rather high for R/O water, this might indicate a mistake while measuring (e.g. miscalibration), dirty water containers or even a faulty R/O unit! A...