sera guide - Healthy aquarium fish

Diagnosis: page 12 A flagellate infestation of the intestines plus the frequently occurring subsequent severe bacterial infection lead to insufficient uptake of vitamins and minerals. This deficiency be- comes visible by the so-called hole-in-the- head disease, among others. However, the ap- pearance of hole-in-the-head disease is often also caused by malnutrition and too soft water containing insufficient minerals alone. The widespread single celled intestinal flagel- lates are harmless in low density but can mul- tiply very strongly within the intestines in case of stress and unsuitable or poor quality fish nutrition. They will then harm the infected fish 6.3 Treating fungal infections Diagnosis: page 10 Fungi (e.g. Saprolegnia) are breakdown organ- isms present in every aquarium. They provide an important contribution for hygiene by utiliz- ing waste substances such as fish waste. As long as the mucous membrane remains unin- jured the fungi cannot harm the fish since it provides reliable protection against intruding fungus spores (their multiplication stages). However, if the mucous membrane is dam- aged, e.g. due to injuries or a parasite infec- tion, spores can adhere within the skin and germinate. Once the fish are infested, the fun- gus can also overgrow healthy skin areas and inner organs, and it may even kill the fish. Too low water temperatures support fungal infec- tions. Fungal infection (Mycosis) It is therefore important to immediately add sera aquatan or sera blackwater aquatan to the aquarium water even in case of small skin abrasions upon catching and transport as a preventive measure. The contained mucous membrane protecting components quickly seal small injuries and abrasions. You can successfully treat fungal infections broken out with sera mycopur. Si- multaneous application of sera ectopur sup- ports the effect, accelerates healing and re- duces the risk of secondary infections by protozoans and bacteria. sera costapur also shows very good effects especially in case of spawn being infected by fungi. 6.4 Treating flagellate infections Diagnosis: page 11 Ichthyobodo or Costia is a single celled secondary parasite that only multi- plies without restraint if the fish are stressed and already weakened. Being an obligate parasite, the organism exclusively feeds on the mucous membrane and dies in open water after a short time. Strong infesta- tion leads to destruction of large skin areas, causing the death of the fish. Treat safely and successfully with sera costapur. Afterwards, the care product sera ectopur allows for an aftertreatment that supports recovery. Ichthyobodo necator Ichthyobodo necator (formerly: Costia necatrix) Spironucleus sp. Intestinal flagellates (Hexamita sp., Spironu- cleus sp. as well as other parasites such as Protoopalina sp., Tricho- monas sp., Cryptobia sp.) and/or hole-in-the-head disease 30