22 Schematic description of water purification in aquariums with sera filter media, used in an internal or external filter. Clean water Filtration according to nature sera biofibres or sera filter sponge collect coarse parti- cles and suspended matter. sera filter wool or sera filter mat (floss) retain little dirt particles. sera filter mat (floss) can also be used for the mechanical prefiltration combined with the sera fil ter sponge. Fish excrements Plant parts Food leftovers Mechanical prefiltration Purification bacteria from sera filter biostart settle inside sera siporax Pro fessional and immediately start the biological break- down in the filter. Purification bacteria in the volcanic rock from sera bio nitrivec clean the water in the aquarium. Ammonium/ammonia (NH4/NH3) Nitrite (NO2) Nitrate (NO3) Plant nutrition Clean water Biological water cleaning Final mechanical purification Technical equipment